Ranadheer Engineering Technology



jntuh
.NoName of the courseBranch code
1Computer Science & Business Systems32
2Computer Science & Information Technology33
3Information Technology and Engineering34
4Artificial Intelligence35
5Computer Science and Technology36
6Computer Engineering (Software Engineering)56
7Computer Science and Engineering (Cyber Security)62
8Computer Science and Engineering
(Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning)
66
9Computer Science and Engineering (Data Science)67
10Computer Science and Engineering (IoT)69
11Computer Science and Engineering (Networks)70



Father of C language Denis Ritchie.. .
Father of Java language James Gosling..
Father of C++ Bjarne Stroustrup..
Father of internet Vincent cerf..
C++ is compiler for all languages.. Like C, Java, Matlab and all other computer programming languages

set of instructions Programs..
Set of programs is software..
Various software..
System software..
Unix
Linux
Windows
Translators..compilers, interpreters
DBMS
Utility
Data communication s/w
Word
Operating system
Application software..
Gaming..
Spread sheets
Multimedia..
MS-word, excel, powerpoint

CRAY1--first Super computer of world ---1964 developed
ML.. Low level language.. Binary language 0,1...first generations
Fastest, biggest, most expensive -- super computer..
Browser, link, search engine, hyperlink..
Are same..
Collection of web pages is called websites..
Websites main page is called Homepage..
Excel sheet or spread sheet in which column and row intersection is called cell..
RAM--temporary..volatile..
ROM, Floppy, Disc--permanent --non volatile ..
BIT is called binary digit..
8 bits is one byte
4 bits is one nibble
.
URL
HTTP
Domain name
IP address
Network of networks is called internet..
Modifiers --alt, Ctrl,shift
e-commerce-online shopping..
Error in program is called bug..
First computer --siddarth
Super computer of India Param8000
Computer generation..
First generation.. Vacuum tubes
Second generation.. Transistors
Third generation.. IC's
Fouth generation --VLSI
Fifth generation.. ULSI
CPU--brain of computer
CPU--ALU, CU
ALU ,registers -mathematical, comparison...
ALU -- brain of CPU
CU - processors ..
Multitasking.. Many Programs on single computer


GSM architecture
MS mobile station
TRX-transceiver
Tx-transmitter
Rx -receiver
BTS -Base transceiver
BSC-Base station center
MSC-Mobile station center
VLR-visitor location register-database traces mobile subcibers location
HLR- home location register-database of gsm network of mobile subscibers
OMC-operation maintainence center
(maintains MS,BSC,MSC, with GSM system)
AuC-Authentucation center
EIR-Equipment identity register-database
PSTN-public switched telephone network
BSS -base station subsystem
NSS-network station subsystem
OSS-operation station subsystem
Um,Abis interface,A interface-communication between MS and BTS,BSC and BTS,BSS and MSC


various diodes...
silicon diode.--axial.
Schottky diode --axial
Zener diode--axial
Various other diodes..
Diodes --screw model
Power diodes
Laser diodes
TVS diodes
Photo diodes
Photo diodes
Pin diodes
High power diodes
Microwave diodes -axial
Small signal diodes.
Switching diodes-axial.
Varactor diodes-radial 2pin
Schottky diodes -radial..
Diodes in TV Repair...
FR5399,HER205,FR107,IN4007 are the diodes available
FR-fast rectifier-2A-output, input-70A
HER-high efficient rectifier -2A-output,input-76A
FR-fast rectifier.. 107-1A-output
IN4007-1A-output..
Mostly in TV HER205 can be used..
Also HER206,HER207,HER208,HER209..... can be used depending on voltage tolerance...


Packets --datagrams -UDP
Scheduling queues ...
Job queues --secondary hard disk
Ready queues --CPU--main memory..
Device queue --input/output queues --waiting operation..
ADOV routing protocol
ADOV--Adhoc on demand distance vector..
Route request, route reply..
Routing protocol of ad-hoc network DSR--Dynamic source routing protocol
AODV--Ad-hoc on demand distance vector
LAR--Location Aided Routing.
ABR--Associativity routing.
SSA--Signal based adaptive routing protocol..
IEEE 802.11(Wi-Fi).. --Wireless Fedility... 5GHz radio frequency..
---BSS --Basic service Net--STA and AP with same radio coverage..
--ESS--Extended Service net --several BSS connecting high AP.
--STA--Mobile nodes.
--AP--Access points..
--SMAC -Sensor medium acess protocol..
Wi-Fi Adapter for laptops..
IEEE 802.15.4--wireless Technology..MAC layer
Short range medium control protocol.. Zig Bee 18meters...
--NBEM-CDMA/CA--WPAN.
--BEM--Super trace packet..
SMAC--three types
Collision.
Overhearing.
Idle listening.
Routing protocol
Source 192.168.1.10
Destination 192.168.5.10
ICMP protocol --Internets control method protocol..
IGMP --Internet Group message protocol..
Unicasting --sender and receiver.
Multicasting--sender and multi receivers
IP datagram --20bytes(header)+IGMP(8bytes)..
IGMP--type (8bytes) +maximum range tyoes(8bytes)+check sum(16bytes)..
IGMP messages --membership queues
--memebership report
--leave report
Application layer--SMTP, FTP, DHCP..
Transport Layer --SCTP, TCP,UDP..
Network Layer --IGMP, ICMP, IP, ARP...
Data link, physical layers--LAN, WAN technologies..
TCP/IP protocols..
NetBIOS--Network input, output system..
NetBios Frames..
NetBiosT..TCP/IP..
ARP--Address resolution protocol --resolves IP address to MAC address..
IPX vines.
IPX /SPX..protocols--internet protocol --packet exchange ..
Network Operating systems
DOS-Disk operating system --coding and hard disk drive...
DHCP-Dynamic host control protocol..
DNS..



Energy bands and ranges in conductors,Insulators,semiconductors
Conductors loosely bounded free to move electrons-Energy band gap 0 (zero)eV..examples copper,silver
Insulators-2eV to 8eV(several electron
Volts)..tightly bounded ,bad conductor of electricity examples wood ,leather,plastic...
semiconductors energy band gap 1eV to 2eV..examples silicon
.

IDE -Integrated Development Environments for software application and tools..
Various IDEs
eclipse
Visual studio---C#,C++,python
Xcode
IntelliJ IDEA
Andoid studio
Pycharm
Net beans--java,C++,PHP,HTML/javascript provides templates,version control integration,GUI
Visual studio code
Sublime text
Atom


Data science
Python
Tableau
Pandas
Data studio
Power BI
My SQL
Kyros
AI (robotics, human made machines) and ML(computer with binary coding)
Data Analysis-techniques ,power of data
Data science
Python with Tensor flow .
Python with Deep learning..
Keras sequential, layers, loses, activation, optimizers, binarycross entropy, linearity and nonlinearity..Epoch, step loss, accuracy.. Neural network linear and nonlinear
Epoch, learning rate, activation(ReLu,linear,sigmoid,Tanh),regularization, regularization rate, problem type
Data, features, hidden layer, output study---Testloss, training loss

Embedded software development tools list...
Pycharm-java script, Cofeescript, typescript, Cython,SQL,HTML,/CSS, Angular JS, Node. HS, template languages windows, macOS, Linux operating systems..
Pycharm provides. Embedded software's development...
Intelligent code completion
Error highlighting and fixing
Automated code refracting
Easy project navigation
Support for web development frameworks such as...
Django
, Flask, Google Aap engine,
Pyramid
Web2py
Integrated testing
Remote development on virtual machine
Pycharm
Webstorm
IDE jet brains
Qt creator
Features...
Cross compiling
Auto completion
Syntax highlighting
Virtual keyboard
Online debugging
Functional safety
2D/3D user interface
Examples TV, STB, IoT, mobile apps and to build Q&A creator products
MPLAB XIDE
Examples
PIC, dsPIC, AVR, CEC, SAM microcontrollers
Virtual studio
Eclipse ..
Examples
Ada, ABAP
C
C++
C#
Python
PHP
Etc
Netbeans
Matlab
Arduino
ARM Keil
Our embedded experience...
CFD-confirm firmware development
ESD-Embedded software development
LDDE-Linux device driver development



Arduino...
Types of arduino
Wireless board's
Non Wireless board's
Non arduino boards
Programmers


ML
Supervised learning
Unsupervised learning
Reinforcement learning
AI
Python programming
Chat bot
Computer vision
Deep learning ,ML
DA
Excel, DB etc
DL
Python
Clear understanding of Al, ML, DL, DA, DM, data science
AI---ML and DL
Data science -DA and DM
Big data -- AI and Data science


AI-Artificial Intelligence ...
AI board's -Nvidia Heston board's, beagle bone, PYNQ FPGA, Google coral, Raspberry Pi..
Technology -AI, Brain Computer interface, Robotic operating system, IOT, Autonomous Robot design..
Programming -Python, Matlab, C
Microcontrollers:8051,MSP430
Basic application of AI-chatbot using Dialog flow
Application of AI
AI in medical
AI in agriculture
AI in voice assistance
AI in Autonomous robot design
AI in search Engine
AI in Social media and other.
AI
Definition :-learn from data and solve problem
1)Data and concept :-Human can analyze, identify pattern and make decision.. ...,numerical data :- Machine learning and deep learning...
2)Human can listen and speak ....text/data audio :-...Natural learning and NLP...
3)Human can see and recognize ...image/video data.. :-- computer vision and deep learning..
Steps:--AI
  1. Project Gathering data
  2. Data preparation
  3. Choosing a model --concept and algorithm
  4. Training
  5. Evaluation
  6. Parameter tuning
  7. Prediction


Advanced software for components installing on PCB or motherboard or systems....
Auto router
Manual router
Interactive routing in Autodesk Eagle
Launch pad..
Move pad..
1)Preserve angle.. ,
2)free,
3)disconnect...
ESD
Design
Fabricate
Assemble on PCB
Testing


Types of processers/ Controllers...
MP/MC..8/16/32 bit..
DSP
SOC
CPLD-control oriented /FPGA-Data oriented..
General purpose processors GPP
ASIC
ROM--non volatile -permanent memory
RAM -volatile exhaustable memory that is the data dissappears after power off without saving
UART
Boot - the process of starting a system

Software languages applications..
Android
Java
Servlet
JSP
Struts
Mail API
Hibernate
spring
Design pattern
CSS
Bootstrap
Jquery
Xml-dbms-individual use
Postgre, -Organization use

DBMS..
Types of DBMS
DBMS-single system user,data file
RDBMS-many organization users -ACID-atomicity,consistency,isolation,durability property- tabular form,.... That is tuples -rows-cardinality
Columns --fields, attributes, degree,etc....
Empty table zero degree.
Types of databases
Ceneralized database.
Distributed database.
No SQL-not only SQLite.
Cloud database .
Relational database.
Network databases.
Object oriented database .
Hiearachical database.
Various subjects which are included computer Science engineering..
DBMS
Data structures
DAA
Operating systems
Computer network .
Compiler design
Computer organization
Discrete mathematical
Ethical hacking
Computer graphics
Software engineering
Web technology
Cyber Security
Automata
C programming
C++
Java
.net
Python
Programs of sofware.
Control systems
Data mining
Data warehouse..
RDBMS - Relational DBMS.
SQLite
SQL
PL/SQL
My SQL
MongoDB.
Postgre SQL.
SQL server.
Data manipulation.
Compose
Edit
Delete
Update


Deep neural network for beginner's
Four pixel camera -solid, vertical, diagonal, horizontal ..
Pixel brightness, vector input, receive fields...to build neural network we create neuron ,sigmoid squashing function,weights




Python programming and uses
It us General purpose language
Used in occupational AI,ML,web apps, YouTube ..its syntax is easy to read, write but very slow to execute hence it is slow Language
Used in computers, networks, andSmall computers, large computers web apps, ML, glue language Paradigm
Python is ethical, nonethical, DS, ML, Al,scientific computers tasks easy to learn read write. Dynamic typing
Python uses instagram, YouTube, NASA, drop box,web scraping with python
Java script JS-1995,typescript
Both Java and JS are introducd in 1995
JS--Netscript, Web browsers just like python code run by engine
JS versatile, Animation, dialogues are the uses..
Java 3 million users
Mind crafe
Adobe
Android
C-section flexible and versatile allows low level codes, high level language
C fundamental concepts executes of low level concepts
C sharp (C#)
Window based application, mobile application unity create gaming
C++--oopL
Learn and write not for beginners
Graphical, faster, better options in Embedded systems Application programs Windows, MySQL, 3-D Gaming ,desktop, mobile applications.
Ruby
General purpose language similar to python, Object oriented applications
Ruby on rails
Web applications like Github , fiverr,airbnb
PHP-general purpose scripting language-- html code
Web development
Uses - facebook YouTube, Wikipedia, word press
Go introduced in 2012
Wide used programming
Robust system level language, currently used graphic servers like drop box--files, sourse folders..
Swift-programming language,iOS developer
R language.
SQL-data storage unit -DBMS
Java-andoid, S/W,desktop developments,big data,uses-paytm,airbnb developer ,uber, instagram, google



Fitting-Engineering workshop
Files -Various types of files..
flat
square
round
half round
core file-more material is removed, , fine file-finishing
triangular file used to make triangular notch
Bench vice
Hacksaw-cutting tool
Wire brush


Engineering workshop...
Carpentry
Hacksaw
Back-end hacksaw
Saw-Rip, tenon, compass, key hole saw, bow saw, cross cut saw, forward, reverse cutting obtuse angle,cross teeth both sides cuts
Jack plane-metal, wooden, iron Jack planes..
Chisel -Tang,shank,farrul,blade
Types of chisels-firmer,dovtail,mortise,socket,outside ground gouge chisel, inside ground gouge chisel...
Boring tool
Striking tool
Gilding tool
Marking And measuring tools-made of Steel
Ruler
Steel ruler
Steel tape
Marking guage or mortises guage
Try square -feet, 1/2 feet
Marking knife
Holding tools
Bench vice
C-clamp
Anvil
Wood turning lathe machine.
T bar clamp
Striking tools
Mallet made of wood
Claw hammers
Pincer-nail removers
Screw driver
Wood rasp file


Engineering Workshop...
Foundry tools and procedure
Cope box
Drag box
Runner,Raiser
Rammer-round rammed, rectangular rammer
Moulding box
Parting sand-pure silica
Sand mixer thorough the ingradients
Different patterns
Filler roller(tool) to fill corners
Striker Bar
Trowel
Excess sand removed by bellow
Cut the cake
Bevel Square

Programming technics of computer system... Software languages
Precedence and priority of arithmetic operaters...
prototypes -- intialization ,declaration, assigning of variables and consonants..
Printf for C,python-phycharm aap
System. Out. Print for C++, Java


AI and ML..
--Statistics and exploratory Analytics
Data Analysis
Cloud essentials :Git and Github
Inferential statistics
Hypothesis testing
Lending club case study
Machine learning -1
Linear regression
Linear regression assignment
Naive Bayes
Model selection
Machine learning -2
Advanced regression
Advanced regression assignment
Support vector machine
Tree models
Model selection - practical considerations
Boosting
Unsupervised learning-clustering
Unsupervised learning - Principal analysis
Telecom churn case study
Deep learning
Introduction to Neural Networks
Convolutional Neural Networks-industrial Applications and assignment
Recurrent Neutral Networks
Neural network project - Gesture recognition..
Natural Language processing
Lexical processing
Syntactical processing
Syntactic processing assignment
Semantic processing
Case study : classifying customer complaint tickets
Deep learning with MLops
Cloud essentials AWS, working with AWS case study, MLOps,Fas to life cycle, model life cycle ,Deployment theory..
Capstone
News recommended system
Credit card fraud detection
Eye for blind. (image captioning)
Sentiment analysis product recommend system
Sales forecasting
Style transfer using GANS..
Reinforcement learning-micellanious reinforcement-- classical and deep reinforcement with project essentials for AI And ML professional


Arduino types...
Arduino uno-common micro-controller board............USB ports..
Arduino Leonardo..
Arduino mega-bigger, analog input, more memory
Arduino nano
Arduino pro-mini
Arduino micro
Arduino Lily pad
Arduino FIO
Arduino macro...
Arduino ATmega
Arduino ATtiny85
Arduino AT mega328.....16MHz--
Arduino sensors..
Heart beat sensor --beat pet minute
MQ3-alcohol sensor..
MQ6-gas detector...
ADSL-Accelorometer sensor--
IR sensor --line following robot --motion sensor using alarm
MQ135
LDR--light dependent sensor
PIR sensor -Human motion detector..
Ultrasonic sensor --trigger signal--finds the distances..distances measurement..
Touch sensor --touch dimmer switch circuit..
Temperature sensor LM35
Humidity sensor
Moisture sensor -moisture content of soil
Rain/water sensor..
Implementing the Project and real time executions and procedures, components required..
ARDUINO..
RASPBERRY Pi
Robots
Quadcopters
Electronics
IoT-internet of things..
Tutorials
Projects
Software
Workshop
Programming
Sensors
Tools...
16x2 LCD display..
PCA9685 connected to Arduino--PWM-16channel controller, I2C bus..
62PCA9685 on single I2C bus
PCA9685
GND, OE, SCL, SDA,VCC,V+ 6x2 connectors I2C bus address pads
Servo PWM power Reversed polarity projected
16servo PWM 4x4 outputs
Servo motors using Arduino..PWM.
Types of servo motors
Industrial.. Very huge, expensive.
Small digital servo motors used in helicopters..
Analog servo motors -less expensive,used in projects
Arduino UNO
Negative side of arduino --1 to 13vand GND
Positive side of arduino ..A0 To A5,Vin,gnd,gnd,5v,3.5v,3.3v,Reset,IOREF
Sensors of Smart phone...
Proximity sensor ..
Accelerometer sensor -speed of movement..
Perometer sensor
Compel sensor -direction N, S, E, W
Barometer sensor
Finger print scanner
NFC chips -payments, Bluetooth ..
Hall sensor -display off, stand by mode..
Heart rate sensor -finger scanner
IR blaster -used as remote controller..

Important electronic parameters..
CMRR
SNR
Slew rate

QFactor -amplifiers -inductor connected

Cutoff
DC bias
Gain
Form factor
Sensitivity
Noise-various types of noise
Scattering parameters --tramsmission lines--insertion loss, isolation, coupling factor, directivity.. ,reflection coefficient, VSWR,smith chart, polar diagram
Selectivity -radio signals
Net gain -telecommunications..
Adjacent channel interference


Important electrical parameters
Leading and lagging Current
Impedance parameters
Input impedance
Amplitude distortion
Bode plot
Break down voltage
Bridging loss
Clock skew
Cut off voltage
Diffusion capacitance
Disturbance voltage
ABCD, X, Y, Z, T, parameters of two port Networks of transmission lines..
PIV-peak inverse voltage
Phase distortion, phase margin
Power factor
Wetting current
Voltage droop
Voltage drop
Threshold voltage
Stray voltage
Skin effect
Overdrive voltage
Output impedance
Open loop gain
Open circuit voltage
Nominal impedance
Diffusion capacitance
Disturbance voltage
Immitance
Inrush current
Input offset voltage
Power rating
Power factor
Power gain
Gain

Hai internet
Internet
Intranet
Extranet
Ports
3389port-remote desktop
, 465port, 995port 993port,
80port-http-unsecure websites
20,21ports-ftp ssl
Port 443-secure websites https


Internet IP address ...
Ipv4-binary sets -octets -32bits...
Ipv6-hexadecimal -Octets -128bits...
CIDR... 32max-depending on ones..
Subnet mask.
Gateways
CIDR mask .
Mask.
Subnets.
Class.
Hosts.
Suppose network ID.. -
255.255.255.255-CIDR-32.
255.255.255.0-CIDR-24.
255.255.0.0-CIDR-16.
255.255.248.0-CIDR-21...counting number of
Ones in IPv4 binary network octets. Answer-21-CIDR...
ISO-OSI model seven layers.
TCP/IP five layers
Various protocols.....
TCP
IP
UDP
SMTP
FTP
TELNET
IGMP
PPP.
Application desktop port numbers
Total ports (0-65535).
Well-known ports (0-1023).
Registered (1024-49151)
Dynamic ports (49151-65535)
Open client ports. (1024-65535).
HTTP-port 80-web server.
port 20,21-FTP
SMTP-port 25.
TELNET- port23.
TFTP-port69.
Port 443-HTTPS-secure websites
RPC-Remote procedure call.


IPv4-IP version4---binary IP address ie (that is) -255.255.5.10-8bits .8bits. 8bits, 8bits.... 11111111.11111111.00000101.00001010
IPv6---IP version6--- hexadecimal numbers
4bits equal to one hex decimal number so 16binary numbers. 16binary numbers. 16binary numbers. 16binary numbers ---
0192.0168.0010.0005
Servers
--Web servers hosts a websites..
-Email server hosts mails Thunderbird, outlook express ..
--domain servers --hosts IP address pop3(post office protocol) ,SMTP etc..
IGMAP
Pathping
SSL
Nslookup
ARP
Ping command
Tracert
Netstat
Telnet --knows IP address and port number
IP config ---CD admin, MD admin,....
Admin/ip config/all-displays all IP address of a network among many routers...
TTL --time to live--of packets from source to destination... in A router network IP address...examoke: TTL22ms
Internet Network --wired and wireless network...
Routers
Gateway
Subnet mask
CIDR-number of one's in IP address
Switches
Hub
IMAP
TCP/IP
DMZ


HTTP -general protocol where the numbers password can be hacked
HTTPS-virus preventer protocol, no hacking
SSL
DNS---(.com),(.org),(. net)
Firewall -virus preventer device..
Firmware --ports of hardware, connectors used to access signals using buses and peripherals..
Ping command--number of packets sent is equal number of packet received so lost packets is zero so the network is working from server to clients... TTL47 displayed for each packets...
IP address google 8.8.8.8
Ping command: ipconfig flush
flushdns
IP dns
Software ---fireware, embedded systems.....


HTTP -general protocol where the numbers password can be hacked
HTTPS-virus preventer protocol, no hacking
SSL
DNS---(.com),(.org),(. net)
Firewall -virus preventer device..
Firmware --ports of hardware, connectors used to access signals using buses and peripherals..
Ping command--number of packets sent is equal number of packet received so lost packets is zero so the network is working from server to clients... TTL47 displayed for each packets...
IP address google 8.8.8.8
Ping command: ipconfig flush
flushdns
IP dns
Software ---fireware, embedded systems..


Mother board ports
PCI ports
PCIexpress Ports
PS2 ports
USB2.0
USB3.0
USB ports
CPU chipset
CPU socket
VGA cables, socket, plug --analog signals-SMPS,power cables..computer back panel connectors.. .
HDMI sockets cables, plug -video signals.
VGA ports
HDMI ports
Audio ports
Drives......
Magnetic drives--500GB,1TB
Serial ATA ports(SATA)
M. 2 SATA-sizes 2230,2242,2260,2280
M. 2 NVMe
SSD
North bridge ---sink--RAM1,RAM2,IDE
Computer Connectors like VGA, USB of keyboard, USB of mousepointer, USB pendrive ports..
South Bridge -sink--Serial-ATA, PCI, PCIe, BIOS,CMOS,...


Fiber optic connectors RJ-45,RJ-48
8 pin connector RJ-45,RJ-48..LAN computer
Couplers of fiber optic--BNC-T coupler
Couplers RJ -45 coupler...here RJ means registered Jack 45
RJ-11 coupler --Telephone Jack -11
MTRI coupler
SC connector
LC connector
RC connector
UTP connector
STP connector..
APC-light reflects/UPC -light does not reflect and travel at an angle in connectors...
SM, MM fibers has wavelength, dB, power in um, nm
Core, cladding in SM,MM...
Single mode Fiber -1310nm,1550nm,1625nm,1425nm-wavelengths
Multi mode Fiber -650nm,1300nm-wavelengths
Color coding of fibers optics
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12----BOG( blue orange green-1,2,3).....B,S,W-(black, Grey, white) --4,5,6.. ---RBY( red, brown, yellow7,8,9).......10,11,12(Purple,Pink,Aqua)
CCTV footage
DVR---2,4,8,16,32,64 cameras CCTV footage...
NVR-factories, industries-- 100cameras --cctv footage ...
IP address-192.168.10.20
Switch
Router-2.4GHz band,5GHz band-radio wave frequency bands...
DMZ-De-Militarized Zone
NAT
Cache ( cash)memory -small memory
UTP -unsheilded twisted pair
STP-sheilded twisted pair
Types of twisted pair fibre optic( network) cables... Used LAN, WAN
Category(CAT )5,5e,6,6e,7,8 also representing ....
Difference between categories are... As follows...
Speed.
Number of twisted pairs
UTP, STP type of fiber optics..
Range of LAN, WAN cables that is fiber optic cables..

Types of IoT.. Medium
1)Wired -broad band, modem ..
-router, LAN, MAN, WAN, PAN...
2) wireless -Bluetooth, zig-bee, sensors,BAN,router,hub,switch
3)satellites...


cellular and mobile communications...
Generations and MAWC(multiple access wireless communications)...
1G-FDMA
2G-TDMA
3G-CDMA
4G-OFDMA
5G-OMA/NOMA..
Important Terms need to be understood in mobile communications..
Capacity
Throughput
Data rate
Latency
Mobility
Frequency reuse
SNR
C/I
Uplink-downlink 3G/4G technologies


WSN-wireless sensor Network...
Node
Cluster
Cluster Head-CH
Base station -BS
CH-BS
CH-selection.
Routing protocol -othet than IoT devices.
Equal distribution and equal dissipation.......... CH and CHS..
Traffic in sensor node Network ..
CH chosen that it has coverage area..
M-connectivity ----mote.
Outdoor Tx range 100m---150m ...
Indoor Tx Range 50m---75m..
Hops.. Determined node to base station distance....
Mutihops...transmit data to base station..
Node---cluster ---CH---no of packets transmitted...sends aggregate data..proactive --regular intervals of time...
FND--first node die --unique node--isolated node...
Matlab --simulation results...
Sink node..
MIMO
Ad-hoc network ---shared radio channel--dustributed routing --quick and cost effective --freq path break due to mobility --
B. W require complex medium --nodes are in built and maintain properties in the N/W...mobile host require more intelligence..
WSN concepts...
N/W construction.
Dynamic topology control..
Cluster and reclustering.
Improve cluster energy routing
Data traffic scheduling..
Data aggregation.
Attack detection and prevention..
Sleep wakeup scheduling.
Any cast cluster based routing..
Mobile sink sensor tasks..
Data collection and aggregation..
Act as relay between nodes.
Enrich Network coverage..
Minimise energy consumed..
M-WSN mobility pattern..
Mobility of sensor node.
Sink mobility and
Event motion....

jntuk,jntuHjntuA
S.NoBranch NameJNTUK Branch CodeAP EAPCET Code
1B.Tech - Civil Engineering01CIV
2B.Tech - Electrical & Electronics Engineering02EEE
3B.Tech - Mechanical Engineering03MEC
4B.Tech - Electronics and Communication Engineering04ECE
5B.Tech - Computer Science Engineering05CSE
6B.Tech - Computer Science & Technology06CST
7B.Tech - Computer Science & Information Technology07CIT
8B.Tech - Chemical Engineering08CHE
9B.Tech - Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering10EIE
10B.Tech - Bio-Medical Engineering11
11B.Tech - Information Technology12INF
12B.Tech - Electronics and Control Engineering13
13B.Tech - Electronics & Communication Technology14ECT
14B.Tech - Computer Science and Systems Engineering15CSS
15B.Tech - Electronics and Computer Engineering19ECM
16B.Tech - Aeronautical Engineering21
17B.Tech - Instrumentation and Control Engineering22
18B.Tech - Bio – Technology23BIO
19B.Tech - Automobile Engineering24AUT
20B.Tech - Mining Engineering26MIN
21B.Tech - Petroleum Technology/ Petroleum Engineering27PET/PEE
22B.Tech - Petrochemical Engineering28
23B.Tech - Aviation Engineering29
24B.Tech - Aircraft Maintenance Engineering30
25B.Tech - Metallurgical Engineering31MET
26B.Tech - Power Engineering34AGR
27B.Tech - Agriculture Engineering35
28B.Tech - Textile Engineering36
29Architecture (B. Arch)40
30B.Pharmacy00
31B.Tech - CSE - Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning42CSM
32B.Tech - CSE - Artificial Intelligence43
33B.Tech - CSE - Data Science44CSD
34B.Tech - CSE - Artificial Intelligence and Data Science45CAD
35B.Tech - CSE - Cyber Security46CSC
36B.Tech - CSE - Internet of things and Cyber security including
Block chain Technology
47CIC
37B.Tech - CSE - Computer Science and Business System48
38B.Tech - CSE - Internet of Things49CSO
39B.Tech - ECE - Electronics & Communication Technology50
40B.Tech - Food Engineering51FDE
41B.Tech - ECE - Internet of Things52
42B.Tech - ME - Robotics53MRB
43B.Tech - Artificial Intelligence and Data Science54AID
44B.Tech - Pharmaceutical Engineering55PHE
45B.Tech - Aerospace Engineering56ASE
46B.Tech - Computer Science and Business System57CSB
47B.Tech - CSE (Big Data Analytics)58CBA
48B.Tech - Cyber Security59CS
49B.Tech - Internet of Things60IOT
50B.Tech - Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning61AIM
51B.Tech - Computer Science and Design62CSG
52B.Tech - CSE - ( Regional Language )63CSE
53B.Tech - Robotics64RBT
54B.Tech - Computer Science and Engineering and Business Systems65CSEB
55B.Tech - Electronics Engineering (VLSI Design and Technology)66EVT
56B.Tech - Artificial Intelligence67AI
57B.Tech - Computer Science68COS
58B.Tech - ECE (Industry Integrated)20EII
59B.Tech - Electronics and Communication (Advanced Communication Technology)18ECA

station -BS
CH-BS
CH-selection.
Routing protocol -othet than IoT devices.
Equal distribution and equal dissipation.......... CH and CHS..
Traffic in sensor node Network ..
CH chosen that it has coverage area..
M-connectivity ----mote.
Outdoor Tx range 100m---150m ...
Indoor Tx Range 50m---75m..
Hops.. Determined node to base station distance....
Mutihops...transmit data to base station..
Node---cluster ---CH---no of packets transmitted...sends aggregate data..proactive --regular intervals of time...
FND--first node die --unique node--isolated node...
Matlab --simulation results...
Sink node..
MIMO
Ad-hoc network ---shared radio channel--dustributed routing --quick and cost effective --freq path break due to mobility --
B. W require complex medium --nodes are in built and maintain properties in the N/W...mobile host require more intelligence..
WSN concepts...
N/W construction.
Dynamic topology control..
Cluster and reclustering.
Improve cluster energy routing
Data traffic scheduling..
Data aggregation.
Attack detection and prevention..
Sleep wakeup scheduling.
Any cast cluster based routing..
Mobile sink sensor tasks..
Data collection and aggregation..
Act as relay between nodes.
Enrich Network coverage..
Minimise energy consumed..
M-WSN mobility pattern..
Mobility of sensor nod.

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